The failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to completely close after birth is called:

The failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to completely close after birth is called:




a. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
b. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
c. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
d. Atrioventricular malformation (AVM)





Answer: A


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